| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
Section of Microbiology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Martin L. Privalsky, Section of Microbiology, One Shields Avenue, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616. E-mail: mlprivalsky{at}ucdavis.edu.
Nuclear receptors are ligand-regulated transcription factors that regulate key aspects of metazoan development, differentiation, and homeostasis. Nuclear receptors recognize target genes by binding to specific DNA recognition sequences, denoted hormone response elements (HREs). Many nuclear receptors can recognize HREs as either homodimers or heterodimers. Retinoid X receptors (RXRs), in particular, serve as important heterodimer partners for many other nuclear receptors, including thyroid hormone receptors (TRs), and RXR/TR heterodimers have been proposed to be the primary mediators of target gene regulation by T3 hormone. Here, we report that the retinoic acid receptors (RARs), a distinct class of nuclear receptors, are also efficient heterodimer partners for TRs. These RAR/TR heterodimers form with similar affinities as RXR/TR heterodimers on an assortment of consensus and natural HREs, and preferentially assemble with the RAR partner 5' of the TR moiety. The corepressor and coactivator recruitment properties of these RAR/TR heterodimers and their transcriptional activities in vivo are distinct from those observed with the corresponding RXR heterodimers. Our studies indicate that RXRs are not unique in their ability to partner with TRs, and that RARs can also serve as robust heterodimer partners and combinatorial regulators of T3-modulated gene expression.
NURSA Molecule Pages Link:
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  L. Quignodon, S. Vincent, H. Winter, J. Samarut, and F. Flamant A Point Mutation in the Activation Function 2 Domain of Thyroid Hormone Receptor {alpha}1 Expressed after CRE-Mediated Recombination Partially Recapitulates Hypothyroidism Mol. Endocrinol., October 1, 2007; 21(10): 2350 - 2360. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Giger, A. X. Qin, P. W. Bodell, K. M. Baldwin, and F. Haddad Activity of the beta-myosin heavy chain antisense promoter responds to diabetes and hypothyroidism Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2007; 292(6): H3065 - H3071. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Flamant, K. Gauthier, and J. Samarut Thyroid Hormones Signaling Is Getting More Complex: STORMs Are Coming Mol. Endocrinol., February 1, 2007; 21(2): 321 - 333. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. W. Xiao, J. Mei, W. Huang, C. Wood, M. R. L'Abbe, G. S. Gilani, G. M. Cooke, and I. H. Curran Dietary Soy Protein Isolate Modifies Hepatic Retinoic Acid Receptor-{beta} Proteins and Inhibits Their DNA Binding Activity in Rats J. Nutr., January 1, 2007; 137(1): 1 - 6. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Flamant, J. D. Baxter, D. Forrest, S. Refetoff, H. Samuels, T. S. Scanlan, B. Vennstrom, and J. Samarut International Union of Pharmacology. LIX. The Pharmacology and Classification of the Nuclear Receptor Superfamily: Thyroid Hormone Receptors Pharmacol. Rev., December 1, 2006; 58(4): 705 - 711. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Winter, C. Braig, U. Zimmermann, H.-S. Geisler, J.-T. Franzer, T. Weber, M. Ley, J. Engel, M. Knirsch, K. Bauer, et al. Thyroid hormone receptors TR{alpha}1 and TR{beta} differentially regulate gene expression of Kcnq4 and prestin during final differentiation of outer hair cells J. Cell Sci., July 15, 2006; 119(14): 2975 - 2984. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Z. Yu, J. Han, J. Lin, Y. Xiao, X. Zhang, and Y. Li Apoptosis Induced by atRA in MEPM Cells Is Mediated through Activation of Caspase and RAR Toxicol. Sci., February 1, 2006; 89(2): 504 - 509. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Endocrinology | Endocrine Reviews | J. Clin. End. & Metab. |
| Molecular Endocrinology | Recent Prog. Horm. Res. | All Endocrine Journals |
