This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Copyright Permission Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Brinkmeier, M. L. Articles by Camper, S. A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Brinkmeier, M. L. Articles by Camper, S. A.

TCF and Groucho-Related Genes Influence Pituitary Growth and Development

Department of Human Genetics (M.L.B., M.A.P., K.B.C., S.A.C.), University of Michigan Medical School, 4301 MSRBIII, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0638; The Jackson Laboratory (T.G.), Bar Harbor, Maine 04609; Center for Neuronal Survival (S.S.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4; and Department of Immunology (J.M., H.C.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: S. A. Camper, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, 4301 MSRBIII, 1500 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0638. E-mail: scamper{at}umich.edu.

Mutations in the prophet of PIT1 gene (PROP1) are the most common cause of multiple pituitary hormone deficiency in humans; however, the mechanism of PROP1 action is not well understood. We report that Prop1 is essential for dorsally restricted expression of a Groucho-related gene, transducin-like enhancer of split 3 (Tle3), which encodes a transcriptional corepressor. Deficiency of a related gene, amino terminal enhancer of split (Aes), causes pituitary anomalies and growth insufficiency. TLE3 and AES have been shown to interact with TCF/LEF (transcripiton factors of the T cell-specific and lymphoid enhancer specific group) family members in cell culture systems. In the absence of TCF4 (Tcf7L2), Prop1 levels are elevated, pituitary hyperplasia ensues and palate closure is abnormal. Thus, we demonstrate that Tcf4 and Aes influence pituitary growth and development, and place Tcf4 and Tle3 in the genetic hierarchy with Prop1.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				D. Ai, J. Wang, M. Amen, M.-F. Lu, B. A. Amendt, and J. F. Martin Nuclear Factor 1 and T-Cell Factor/LEF Recognition Elements Regulate Pitx2 Transcription in Pituitary Development Mol. Cell. Biol., August 15, 2007; 27(16): 5765 - 5775. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				X. Zhu, A. S. Gleiberman, and M. G. Rosenfeld Molecular Physiology of Pituitary Development: Signaling and Transcriptional Networks Physiol Rev, July 1, 2007; 87(3): 933 - 963. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Korner, J. Berndt, M. Stumvoll, W. Kiess, and P. Kovacs TCF7L2 Gene Polymorphisms Confer an Increased Risk for Early Impairment of Glucose Metabolism and Increased Height in Obese Children J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2007; 92(5): 1956 - 1960. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. S. Ellsworth, N. Egashira, J. L. Haller, D. L. Butts, J. Cocquet, C. M. Clay, R. Y. Osamura, and S. A. Camper FOXL2 in the Pituitary: Molecular, Genetic, and Developmental Analysis Mol. Endocrinol., November 1, 2006; 20(11): 2796 - 2805. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. T. Raetzman, B. S. Wheeler, S. A. Ross, P. Q. Thomas, and S. A. Camper Persistent Expression of Notch2 Delays Gonadotrope Differentiation Mol. Endocrinol., November 1, 2006; 20(11): 2898 - 2908. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Marcal, H. Patel, Z. Dong, S. Belanger-Jasmin, B. Hoffman, C. D. Helgason, J. Dang, and S. Stifani Antagonistic Effects of Grg6 and Groucho/TLE on the Transcription Repression Activity of Brain Factor 1/FoxG1 and Cortical Neuron Differentiation Mol. Cell. Biol., December 15, 2005; 25(24): 10916 - 10929. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Rave-Harel, N. L. G. Miller, M. L. Givens, and P. L. Mellon The Groucho-related Gene Family Regulates the Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Gene through Interaction with the Homeodomain Proteins MSX1 and OCT1 J. Biol. Chem., September 2, 2005; 280(35): 30975 - 30983. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Chen, N. Hersmus, V. V. Duppen, P. Caesens, C. Denef, and H. Vankelecom The Adult Pituitary Contains a Cell Population Displaying Stem/Progenitor Cell and Early Embryonic Characteristics Endocrinology, September 1, 2005; 146(9): 3985 - 3998. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. O. Nasonkin, R. D. Ward, L. T. Raetzman, A. F. Seasholtz, T. L. Saunders, P. J. Gillespie, and S. A. Camper Pituitary hypoplasia and respiratory distress syndrome in Prop1 knockout mice Hum. Mol. Genet., November 15, 2004; 13(22): 2727 - 2735. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. N. Nuthall, K. Joachim, and S. Stifani Phosphorylation of Serine 239 of Groucho/TLE1 by Protein Kinase CK2 Is Important for Inhibition of Neuronal Differentiation Mol. Cell. Biol., October 1, 2004; 24(19): 8395 - 8407. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]