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Department of Biosciences at Novum, Karolinska Institute, S-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
HeLa cell nuclear extracts were used to study the
mechanism of activation of RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription by
the N-terminal transactivation domain (
1) of the glucocorticoid
receptor in vitro. When fused to the Gal4 DNA-binding
domain, the
1 domain activated transcription approximately 9-fold in
HeLa nuclear extracts. Using heat treatment to inactivate transcription
factor IID (TFIID) in the extract, it was shown that the addition of
purified TFIID complex, but not the TATA-binding protein alone, was
sufficient to restore this level of activation. The
1 domain was
shown to interact directly with the TFIID complex. This interaction was
markedly reduced by a mutation in the
1 domain that reduces its
activity. Furthermore, the interaction was specific for the TFIID
complex, since no interaction was seen with TFIIIB, an analogous
protein complex involved in RNA polymerase III transcription. The
1
domain was further shown to interact with the TATA-binding protein
subunit of the TFIID complex. These results suggest a mechanism by
which the GR
1 domain might contribute to gene activation by
recruitment of the TFIID complex to target promoters.
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